Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by nearly all mammalian cells. Originally believed to be cellular debris, they are now understood to be sophisticated messengers carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that mediate intercellular communication. Their role in immune modulation, tissue repair, and signaling has made them attractive candidates for regenerative-medicine applications and as a drug-delivery system. In therapeutic contexts, exosomes have regenerated tissue in models of spinal-cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and opticnerve degeneration (1–3). In aesthetic medicine, exosomes have been marketed as injectable or topical products for skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair regrowth. The attraction lies in their potential to provide true biological repair. Unlike dermal fillers or laser-resurfacing procedures, exosomes can activate intrinsic repair pathways in skin and hair follicles. That capability could create a paradigm shift in aesthetic medicine. However, rapid growth in the exosomes market has outpaced regulatory oversight, leading to a patchwork of quality and safety practices. Recent regulatory interventions now provide a roadmap for how exosomes can mature into a credible modality for both medical and aesthetic applications.
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